ポリウレタンmaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce ポリウレタン products with different properties and properties.
Among rubber rubber types, there are ポリウレタン rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.
ポリウレタン素材は現在、さまざまな分野で広く使用されています。たとえば、航空宇宙産業では、その硬質製品、軟質製品、および発泡製品は、金属材料よりも軽く[航空機にとって非常に重要]、高い弾力性と不燃性を備えています。 、航空機のフード、スピードブレーキ、レドーム、航空機の燃料タンクフィラー、燃料消費制御気化器ブイなどに使用される高強度、超低温の断熱材など、および内部装飾用のさまざまなサポートフレームとシートクッション。運輸業界の保温に使用されています。ポリウレタン素材は、素材やシートクッション、家具の製造、さらには高級な大人用コンドームやタイヤと切り離せません。そして、自動車の衝撃吸収および減衰アクセサリにおける製品の最近の開発および使用は、より多くの注目を集めている。
Although there are many types of ポリウレタン products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:
Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing ポリウレタン rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic ポリウレタン、鋳造法で製作できます。ポリウレタン foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of ポリウレタン flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.
この新しいタイプのポリウレタン柔軟な発泡自動車の衝撃吸収部品は、高度な「ワンステップ」成形プロセスを採用しています。つまり、イソシアネート、ポリオールポリマー、鎖延長剤、触媒、発泡安定剤など、配合の原材料のすべての成分です。は、イソシアネートを別の成分として、式に従って測定し、ポリオールポリマー、水、補助発泡剤、鎖延長剤、界面活性剤、触媒などのさまざまな補助剤を1つの成分に事前に調製し、次に1回添加します。それを反応タンクに入れ、その後発泡剤を加えます。高速攪拌・混合後、発泡反応工程を実施します。このワンステップの製造プロセスは、複雑な形状や小さな仕様のアクセサリの処理に特に適しています。成形法では、混合液を複雑な形状の金型に直接射出し、金型キャビティ内で発泡させて成形します。この方法で作られた製品。仕様や寸法は正確で、必要に応じて金属象眼細工製品としても使用できます。
ポリウレタンproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for ポリウレタン products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with ポリウレタン material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the ポリウレタン industry will have more room for development.
